When it comes to the performance and safety of your garage door system, one component plays a more critical role than most realize—garage door springs. Whether you’re a homeowner maintaining a residential garage door or a business owner with a commercial door, understanding how springs function can help you make smarter choices when repairs or replacements are needed. In this guide, we’ll explore the different types of springs, their advantages, and how to spot when they need service.
Types of Garage Door Springs
Torsion Springs
Torsion springs are one of the main types of garage door springs and are typically mounted horizontally above the garage door opening. These springs work by twisting along a shaft to store energy. When the door opens, the torsion shaft rotates, releasing the stored torque, which assists in lifting the door.
They are known for their balance and durability, making them a popular choice for both residential garage doors and commercial door systems.
Extension Springs
Unlike torsion springs, extension springs stretch and contract to operate the garage door. Installed on either side of the door, these springs use the force generated by the door’s weight to extend when the door closes and contract when it opens.
Garage door extension springs are generally easier to install but can wear out faster than torsion springs due to the intense stretching involved. They’re more common on older garage systems and in homes with limited overhead door space.
Torsion Springs
Definition and Function
Torsion springs operate by twisting around a metal shaft that runs above the garage door. As the door closes, the springs wind tightly and store torque. When opening, that tension is released to assist the garage door opener in lifting the door weight with less effort. This type of spring system offers smoother motion and better balance compared to other options.
Pros and Cons
Here’s a quick breakdown of the advantages and disadvantages of door torsion springs:
Pros:
- Longer lifespan than extension springs
- Quieter and smoother door opening and closing
- Better for heavy garage doors
Cons:
- More complex installation
- Generally higher cost
- Requires a winding bar for safe manual adjustments
Types of Torsion Springs
There are several types of torsion springs, each designed for specific garage door systems and use cases. These include standard torsion springs, early-set torsion springs, and steel rolling-door torsion springs. Understanding the difference between them helps determine which is right for your setup and how to maintain them effectively.
Standard Torsion Springs
Standard torsion springs are the most common type found in residential settings. They’re mounted on the torsion shaft above the center of the garage door and typically support lighter to medium-weight garage doors. These springs are reliable, cost-effective, and provide consistent performance when paired with a garage door opener.
They’re also relatively easy to tune, making them a preferred choice for homeowners looking for both value and longevity.
Early-set Torsion Springs
Early-set torsion springs are similar to standard versions but are mounted closer to the garage door drums, near the ends of the torsion shaft. This configuration allows for easier adjustment of tension and is often used in older or customized garage door systems. While not as popular today, they can still be found in many garage setups and offer smooth, reliable performance when properly maintained.
Steel Rolling-door Torsion Springs
Used primarily in rollup doors and commercial door applications, steel rolling-door torsion springs are built to handle frequent, heavy-duty usage. They operate similarly to other torsion springs but are enclosed in a barrel and mounted above the rolling door curtain. These springs are ideal for high-cycle environments like warehouses, loading docks, or vehicle bays due to their robust design and ability to handle constant operation.
Extension Springs
Extension springs are mounted on both sides of the garage door, typically running parallel to the horizontal tracks. These springs operate by extending and contracting with the motion of the door, using the door’s weight as resistance. As the garage closes, the springs stretch and store energy; when it opens, they contract to help lift the door.
Though they’re more cost-effective than torsion springs, they tend to wear out faster due to the continuous stretching cycle. They also require a safety cable threaded through each spring to prevent injury if the spring breaks.
Definition and Function
Garage door extension springs serve a crucial role in lighter garage door systems, especially where overhead space is limited. These springs are responsible for the lifting and lowering of the door by counterbalancing its weight. Their function is simple: the more the door closes, the more tension is stored. When the door opens, the tension is released to assist the process.
Their coils are under significant pressure, making proper installation and regular inspection essential for both performance and safety.
Pros and Cons
Here’s a closer look at the advantages and drawbacks of using extension springs:
Pros:
- Less expensive than torsion systems
- Easier to install and replace
- Common in older garage setups
Cons:
- Shorter lifespan
- Noisier than torsion springs
- Greater potential for misalignment or failure if not maintained
Choosing the right type of extension spring depends on your garage door’s weight, usage, and available space.
Types of Extension Springs
There are a few different types of extension springs, each with unique features designed for varying levels of durability and ease of replacement. Understanding each type of spring helps in selecting the right one for your garage door system.
Open-looped Extension Springs
Open-looped extension springs have a hook at the end that attaches to the garage door system. These are easier to replace but slightly less durable because if the hook breaks, the entire spring must be replaced. They are most commonly found in standard residential setups where garage door repairs are infrequent or done professionally.
Double-looped Extension Springs
Double-looped extension springs feature two coils at the end for extra strength and reliability. They are more durable than open-looped versions and are designed to support heavier garage doors. These springs are often used in high-use garage environments and are considered safer due to their reinforced attachment points.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Garage Door Springs
Choosing the right garage door springs isn’t one-size-fits-all. Several factors influence the ideal type of spring for your specific garage door system—each impacting performance, safety, and longevity.
Size and Weight of the Garage Door
The door weight is a primary factor in selecting between torsion springs and extension springs. Heavier garage doors—especially commercial or double-panel models—often require torsion springs due to their superior ability to handle high torque and distribute force evenly.
It’s also important to measure the door size and match it with the correct spring sizes, which will ensure smooth opening and closing without overloading the motor or opener.
Frequency of Use
How often your garage door is used also affects which spring system is best. For high-cycle doors (such as in busy households or businesses with frequent access), torsion springs are preferred due to their durability and longer lifespan. Extension spring breaks can occur more often in high-use scenarios without proper maintenance, making them better suited for lighter or less frequently used doors.
Budget
Budget plays a significant role when selecting the right garage door springs. Extension springs are typically more affordable, both in terms of materials and installation costs. They’re a common choice for homeowners seeking cost-effective solutions—especially for residential garage doors.
On the other hand, torsion springs have a higher upfront cost but offer better long-term value due to their durability, lower failure rate, and smoother operation. Investing in torsion may lead to fewer garage door repair expenses over time, making them ideal for those who prioritize reliability.
Signs of Garage Door Spring Issues
Recognizing problems with your garage door springs early can help prevent major breakdowns. Whether you have torsion or extension springs, keeping an eye (and ear) out for warning signs can save you money—and protect your garage door system from further damage.
Visible Wear and Tear
One of the most obvious signs of spring trouble is visible damage. Check for:
- Gaps in coils (a classic sign of a broken torsion spring)
- Rust or corrosion on the metal
- Frayed safety cables near extension springs
- Sagging or uneven door movement
If you spot any of these, it may be time for a replacement or a professional garage door repair evaluation.
Unusual Sounds
If your garage door starts making loud bangs, screeches, or popping noises, it could indicate a problem with the springs. These sounds often occur when the coils are under uneven tension or when a spring breaks mid-operation.
Ignoring these noises may lead to complete failure of the spring system, causing the door to slam shut or get stuck mid-way. Addressing these sounds early can prevent more costly garage door repairs later.
Difficulty Opening or Closing the Door
A garage door that suddenly feels heavier or struggles to move is a major red flag. If the garage door opener is working but the door doesn’t lift easily, the issue could lie with the springs. Common signs include:
- The door opening a few inches then stopping
- The door closing too quickly
- One side of the door lifting unevenly
These symptoms usually point to a broken or worn spring that can’t support the door weight properly.
Importance of Regular Maintenance for Garage Door Springs
Routine maintenance is key to prolonging the life of your garage door springs and preventing unexpected failures. Neglecting maintenance can lead to serious damage, dangerous breakdowns, and increased wear on your garage door system.
Lubrication
Keeping your garage door springs lubricated is essential for smooth operation and longevity. A high-quality garage door lubricant applied to the coils helps reduce friction, minimize noise, and prevent metal parts from wearing down prematurely. For torsion springs, this also ensures consistent torque during the opening and closing cycles.
Aim to lubricate your springs every six months, especially in climates with extreme temperature changes or high humidity.
Inspection
Regular visual inspections can catch early signs of spring wear or imbalance. Look for gaps, rust, stretched coils, or loose cables. Also, check for signs of strain on the shaft, brackets, and surrounding parts.
Performing monthly inspections can help prevent full spring failure and reduce the need for emergency garage door repair.
Professional Maintenance Services
While basic upkeep can be done by homeowners, scheduling a professional garage door repair service ensures your spring system is thoroughly inspected, adjusted, and tuned. Technicians use proper tools to safely handle high-tension springs, balance the door, and check related components like safety cables, pulleys, and the garage door opener.
Routine visits can prevent problems before they escalate—saving money and extending the life of your garage door springs.
Handling Garage Door Spring Repairs
Dealing with garage door spring repairs involves high levels of tension, and without the right tools or knowledge, they can be dangerous. It’s important to understand your limits when approaching a repair.
DIY Repairs vs Professional Repairs
While DIY garage repairs might seem budget-friendly, replacing or adjusting springs is risky without proper training.
- DIY Pros: Cost savings, immediate attention if you’re experienced
- DIY Cons: Risk of injury, incorrect installation, voided warranties
Professional repairs ensure safety and long-term reliability, especially for complex torsion spring systems.
Safety Precautions to Take
If you’re attempting a small adjustment or inspection yourself, always follow these precautions:
- Disconnect the opener to avoid accidental activation
- Never remove or loosen springs without the correct tools (like a winding bar)
- Wear safety glasses and gloves
- Use clamps to secure the door in an open position
Spring mechanisms store a lot of force—even one mistake can lead to serious injury. When in doubt, always call a pro.
